Nature Reviews Neurology

Volume 13, No 4 April 2017

ALSO THIS MONTH

Key Advances in Medicine

Nature Reviews Key Advances in Medicine e-Book contains 45 expert-written articles on the biggest clinical and research breakthroughs in 2016, and is free to registered users.

ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION

Review

Advances in neuro-oncology imaging

Karl-Josef Langen, Norbert Galldiks, Elke Hattingen & Nadim Jon Shah

MRI has become the standard method for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with brain tumours, but conventional MRI sequences have important limitations. This Review summarizes the clinical role of the rapidly developing field of amino acid PET and advanced MRI techniques in adults with brain tumours, and provides an outlook for future developments in PET and MRI.

CURRENT ISSUE

Review

Cognitive decline in Parkinson disease

Dag Aarsland, Byron Creese, Marios Politis, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Dominic H. ffytche, Daniel Weintraub & Clive Ballard

Dementia is commonly encountered in advanced stages of Parkinson disease (PD), but evidence is accumulating that cognitive decline can manifest much earlier in the disease course. Aarsland and colleagues review current knowledge regarding cognitive impairment in patients with PD, focusing on cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers as potential predictors of cognitive decline in this population.

CURRENT ISSUE

Review

Article series: Peripheral neuropathies

New technologies for the assessment of neuropathies

Roberto Gasparotti, Luca Padua, Chiara Briani & Giuseppe Lauria

Gasparotti et al. provide an overview of new and emerging technologies for assessing a variety of peripheral neuropathies, including magnetic resonance neurography, diffusion tensor imaging and ultrasonography for large-fibre neuropathies, and corneal confocal microscopy, evoked potentials and microneurography for small-fibre neuropathies.

ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION

Research Highlights

Demyelinating disease: Astrocyte stress precedes demyelination in cerebral X-ALD

Stroke: Extracellular RNAs associated with stroke

Neuro-oncology: CD47 antibody helps phagocytes fight paediatric cancer

Alzheimer disease: A novel human–mouse chimaeric model of Alzheimer disease

NOTICEBOARD

Expert consensus document: The central vein sign and its clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement from the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative

The central vein sign (CVS) has been proposed as a novel MRI biomarker to improve the accuracy and speed of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis. This Consensus Statement from the NAIMS Cooperative provides a roadmap to help radiologists and neurologists to better understand, refine, standardize and evaluate the CVS in the diagnosis of MS.

Key Advances in Medicine

The Key Advances in Medicine eBook is bursting with information for medical students, physicians and clinical researchers wishing to keep up with the most significant medical breakthroughs of the past year. This eBook, which is free to download for registered users, contains 44 articles summarizing the key clinical and biomedical studies published in 2015 and highlighting the trends to watch out for in 2016.

A Decade in Medicine

The past 10 years have seen great advances in the understanding and treatment of human disease. For expert perspectives on the most important breakthroughs, don't miss the FREE A Decade in Medicine eBook. In this special collection of 47 articles, commissioned to celebrate the 10^th anniversary of the launch of the clinical Nature Reviews journals, leading experts highlight the most important advances in eight medical specialties between 2004 and 2015, and comment on future developments in their fields.

10^th Anniversary

In November 2015, Nature Reviews Neurology (originally published as Nature Clinical Practice Neurology) celebrates 10 years since the launch of the journal. To mark this occasion, we present an anniversary issue containing specially commissioned articles that highlight progress in neurology over the past decade and outline the research priorities for the next 10 years.

Evidence-based guidelines: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis—establishing disease prognosis and monitoring patients

Mike P. Wattjes, Àlex Rovira, David Miller, Tarek A. Yousry, Maria P. Sormani, Nicola de Stefano, Mar Tintoré, Cristina Auger, Carmen Tur, Massimo Filippi, Maria A. Rocca, Franz Fazekas, Ludwig Kappos, Chris Polman, Frederik Barkhof & Xavier Montalban; on behalf of the MAGNIMS study group

The second part of the MAGNIMS network's evidence-based guidelines focuses on the use of MRI in prognostication and follow-up in patients with multiple sclerosis. The group recommends several techniques for monitoring disease activity and treatment efficacy.

Evidence-based guidelines: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis—clinical implementation in the diagnostic process

The use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is commonplace in clinical settings. However, the precise implementation of MRI in the diagnosis of MS is highly variable, which is problematic in the context of the substantial technical advances of the past decade. In these Evidence-Based Guidelines, members of the MAGNIMS study group present a standardized approach to the use of MRI in the diagnosis of MS.

Expert Consensus Document: Mind the gaps—advancing research into short–term and long–term neuropsychological outcomes of youth sports–related concussions

Sports-related concussion is increasingly recognized as a potential danger to paediatric populations, but its short–term and long-term consequences remain poorly understood. This Expert Consensus Document is the result of a 1-day meeting convened by Safe Kids Worldwide, the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, and the Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, with the aim of highlighting knowledge gaps and areas of critically needed research in youth sports-related concussion.

Nature Reviews Disease Primers

The latest Nature Reviews title is an online–only journal that publishes broad overview articles—called Primers—on diseases and disorders across all medical specialties. This scope includes 'classic' diseases, as well as consequences of ageing, behavioural conditions, developmental disorders and nutritional deficiencies — all of which have important consequences for human health. Primers have a modular structure, covering epidemiology; disease mechanisms; diagnosis, screening and prevention; management; and quality of life. Authored by an international panel of academic scientists, translational researchers and clinicians, new Primers will be published each week.

Focus: Epilepsy

Treatment-resistant epilepsy remains a major burden at both global and individual levels. In this special focus issue on epilepsy, cutting-edge investigators from around the world highlight the important challenges and progress in epilepsy research and clinical practice.
Produced with financial support from UCB